Incorporation of tree biomass significantly improved (14–19% N and 62–83% P over control) the stocks of soil available N and P. indica treatments, exceeding yields under the recommended NPK rate and control by 10.5 and 69.3%, respectively. In that year, the maximum grain yield was recorded under E. In the third year of the experiment, effects of tree biomass incorporation on growth, yield and yield attributes surpassed those of the recommended NPK rate, with the exception of A. In the first and second year, productivity of rice was high with recommended NPK rate (4.82 t/ha in 2003 and 5.08 t/ha in 2004) followed by rice with incorporation of E. Among the tree species used, the biomass of E. A plot with recommended NPK rate (80:60:40 kg/ha) and a control plot were also maintained for comparison. Fresh biomass from five tree species including erythrina (Erythrina indica), acacia (Acacia auriculiformis), alder (Alnus nepalensis), tree bean (Parkia roxburghii), and cassia (Cassia siamea) were applied at a rate of 10 t/ha. Field experiment was conducted in kharif (June–November) seasons for consecutive 3 years (2003, 2004, and 2005) at a lowland farm, subtropical Meghalaya (950 m asl), India, to study the effect of incorporating N-fixing tree biomass (leaves and twigs) on productivity and economics of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Effective recycling of this biomass would help meet the nutritional requirement of crops. The climatic conditions of North East India are favorable for trees to produce biomass in the form of foliage and twigs that are very rich in essential plant nutrients.
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