The elements of period four are fount on the x-axes. From left to right the atom number increases. What conclusion do you draw from this graphic? Explain your asnwer.Īll elements within one period have a same number of main levels. The atom rais of the elements of group 4 are found on the y-axes. the elements of group four are found in the x-axes. The elements of one and the same group have a same number of valency electrons.įrom top to bottomthe number of main levels increases, just like the atom number. The Periodic Table with only the main groups: With these two data you can determine the position of an element in the PT. The number of valency electrons can vary from 1 to 8, what coincides with the number of main groups of the PT. The number of main levels can vary from 1 to 7, what coincides with the seven periods of the Periodic Table. The chemical element is a substance that we cannot - by chemical means - split into other substances.Įvery element has its own atom number and its own symbolĮvery symbol is a CAPITAL, sometimes with a small letterĪs already said in module 01 about atoms: their most characterizing data are the number of electronic main levels and the number of electrns in the outer shell (the valency electrons). The difference between an element and a compound will be discussed later, in module 05. Of course we will talk about metals and non-metals. You will learn to read the tables and interprete graphics. Think in particular about the chemical bonds that such an element likes to realise (see module 03). This is a very important concept to understand the properties of substances. You also will learn in this module about the concenpt 'electronegativity'. You must be able to determine the position of an element in the PT (the simple as well as the complete one), knowing the electronic structure of the atom. In this module 02 you will read about the history of some elements.Ĭonsider the elements als bricks of matter, as elementary substances that have there own specific atom kind. How many different kinds of atoms kan be found in nature? There are various films to be seen at You-tube also look at: The position of every element in the PT can be determined with the electronic structure of the atom. This simple PT contains only the blocks s and p, in the so calles main groups. That the Periodic Table (PT) has a simple version not alle elements are present. You will see dat in the periodic table, four blocks are present: s, p, d or f (see further in this module) That position depends fully of what you met in module 01: the valency electrons and the number of main orbitals per atom. Every element has its own specific position in this system. Then you must know that all these elements can be put toghether in the so called Periodic Table. Who, for example, does not know H 2O, water, built up of the two elements: H (Hydrogen) and O(Oxygen)? Of course, you can find them in tables, but a chemistry student cannot fail in knowing by heart a good number of the symbols. One of the first things you should know: the symbols of these elements. Of these bricks, not even hundred different ones exist. This is a module about the chemical elements, or: the elementary substances of matter. 01: Atoms 02: Periodic Table / Elements 03: Chemical Bonds 04: Nomenclature 05: Structures of Matter 06: Substances of the environment 07: Chemical Reactions 08: Reactions in Equilibrium 09: Acid-base-reactions 10:Redox reactions 11: Carbon chemistry 12: Biochemistry 13: Qualitative analysis 14: Quantitative analysis 15: Chemical Industry
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